Car Tech

How Does an Electric Car Work?

How Does an Electric Car Work

Like gas-powered automobiles, electric vehicles don’t require internal combustion engines to work and all. The electric car has an electric motor and a rechargeable battery component. However, electric car drivers don’t want to burn up gas. Also, it never produces harmful exhaust emissions. Most importantly, there is no noise coming from this vehicle. 

Before you choose to invest in electric cars, you must know their working mechanism. As you all know, EVs get their power from a charging station and store the energy in their battery. The battery is the one that will give power to the overall car. Through power alone, the automobile will move. Likewise, the electric vehicle has many parts only if all work together to make the vehicle move. 

What Are The Different Types Of Electric Cars?

Of course, before knowing electric cars’ working mechanisms, you must have ideas about various types of electric vehicles. An electric vehicle that runs entirely on electricity is called an actual electric vehicle. Suppose the vehicle is run on petrol or diesel, these are called hybrid electric vehicles.

1. Electric vehicle

As mentioned before, if the vehicle runs entirely on electricity it is called an electric vehicle. Specifically, it will get the necessary power while charging. Plus, this vehicle doesn’t need petrol or diesel to run. Thus, no chance for emission production from the vehicle at any cost. 

2. Hybrid vehicle

Like an electric vehicle, it requires electricity to run. However, like traditional automobiles, it consumes fuel as well. Thus, using petrol or diesel is a must in case the vehicle has no charge. Also, if it’s run on fuel, it will form emissions alternatively running on electricity won’t produce any. It can be easily charged by plugging it into an electricity source.

3. Hybrid-electric

For sure, this type of vehicle requires fuel like petrol or diesel. Along with that, it has an electric battery to charge as well. It will get recharged through regenerative braking. This electric car can easily switch between fuel engines and use ‘EV’ mode at the touch of a button. One thing is that this vehicle needs petrol or diesel for energy.

Key Components That Helps An Electric Car To Work

Only when you have an idea about an Electric car’s critical components can you get to know its working mechanisms? Thus, keep an eye on the following parts carefully.

1. Battery

Undoubtedly, the electric vehicle makes use of a battery to store electrical energy. So then it will move. In general, the battery is made up of a number of cells and grouped as modules, the battery works. The vehicle will run only when the battery gets full. 

In recent times, the battery mechanisms have improved a lot. At present, electric car batteries are made up of lithium. The chance for energy discharge is low as well. Thus, even if the EV is in rest for so many days as well no way to charge loss. 

2. Battery charger

The primary function of the battery charger is to convert the AC power present in the electricity network to DC power which gets stored in the battery later. Along with it will control the voltage level of the battery cells by adjusting the rate of charge. Additionally, the cell temperature is also gets monitored. Thus, the sturdiness of the battery will get maintained. 

3. Charge Port

When it comes to the charge port of the electric car, it will get energy from an external power source. In general, the power source of the EV is called electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE). Also, it is defined as a charging station. Only when the EVSE is plugged into an electric car charge port will the charging take place? 

4. Inverter

The inverter of an electric vehicle is a significant component. All because it will change the battery pack’s flow of electrons from a Direct Current (DC) into an Alternating Current (AC). Later it will get used to power the electric traction motor. Commonly, lithium-ion batteries look for DC power only. Alternatively, electric traction motors need AC power. Using an inverter is essential so then AC power will get controlled; as a result, the EV’s speed also comes under control. 

5. Electric Traction Motor

Once getting electric power from the inverter is done, the mechanism of the electric traction motor will offer power to the vehicle. Therefore, it makes the electric automobile move. In general, the electric traction motor will get power through an alternating current. However, compared with the DC motors, the electric traction motor is best. 

The moment when AC electrons reach the motor through the inverter, it will generate a rotating magnetic field. This is what makes the electric vehicle turn on. As it does not feature multiple gears to shift between, the engine will quickly get started. 

6. Traction Battery Pack

The traction battery pack of the electric vehicle is essential, like other vital components. All because it will store energy that gets taken from the grid while charging. The saved energy will get used later to power the vehicle’s motor and all other electrical components in the car. As mentioned before, electric car batteries use lithium-ion.

Additionally, the traction battery pack is the one that has the highest energy densities when compared with other battery packs. A beneficial thing about the lithium-ion battery is that it will produce larger currents. When it comes to maintenance, it is user-friendly. Thus, electric car users should prefer this battery instead of other types. Importantly, it will power the vehicle directly. 

7. Electric Powertrain

In general, the electric powertrain is the component that will cover the whole high-voltage electrical system. Thus, it will make the vehicle move. The electric powertrain consists of various components such as a motor, reduction drive, and traction battery.

The reason why choosing an electric powertrain is light in weight, and compact as well. That’s why using this component has a lot of benefits. 

Conclusion

No matter what, if you are going to invest in an electric vehicle, you must look at the proper guidance. Of course, using an electric car will help you save a lot of money. Yes, it does not require fuel to run and all. However, it would be best to look for the top and most efficient electric vehicle brand in the market. Spare some time and then select the best company. 

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